Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is among the most famous attractions in Hanoi for tourists, especially those who are fond of learning about the cultures and histories of Vietnamese people.
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long holds a special place in the hearts of those who love exploring a thousand years of Vietnamese history. Each historic point has its own story to tell, making it a truly fascinating experience. Read on to discover what awaits your Hanoi travel exploration.
1. When was the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long built?
- Address: 19C Hoang Dieu Street, Dien Bien Ward, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi City.
In the 11th century, the Ly Dynasty of Vietnam constructed the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, a significant milestone signifying Dai Viet’s emergence into independence. This monumental structure was erected on the foundation of a Chinese fortress dating back to the 7th century. For nearly thirteen centuries, it held the pivotal role of regional political dominance.
Remarkably, the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Vietnam capital was declared one of Vietnam’s ten special national heritage sites in 2009 and was added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010. Its universal significance lies in its enduring historical importance, continuous role as a seat of power, and rich cultural layers.
2. Historical and cultural values of Hanoi citadel
Regarding historical values, Imperial Citadel of Thang Long relics and artifacts depict a consistent history of governance, economy, and culture through successive dynasties.This history spans from the ancient capital Dai La of An Nam in the 7th to 9th centuries, under the domination of the Chinese Tang Dynasty. It continues through the transformation into Thang Long Forbidden City during the Ly, Tran, Early Le, Mac, and Late Le dynasties, followed by the establishment of Thang Long – Hanoi in the 19th century under the Nguyen Dynasty. This historical significance persisted through the French colonial era and up to the present day.
In discussions of cultural value, the artifacts found at the heart of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi are remarkable proof of enduring cultural exchange. This site has absorbed cultural influences from China, Champa, and France. The creation of landscapes, the layout of palace areas, architectural art, and court decoration showcase diverse cultural developments across different historical eras.
3. What to see in the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long?
3.1. The main gate (Doan Mon)
Doan Mon is positioned to the south of Kinh Thien Palace, aligned with the Hanoi Flag Tower on the same axis. Constructed with stones and bricks, the main gate has a U-shaped structure, featuring five gates symmetrically placed along a central axis, often referred to as the “righteousness axis” of the Imperial Citadel. The primary architectural element of Doan Mon follows a watchtower gazebo design with three rolling arches. The use of rolling arch architecture not only bestowed elegance but also provided exceptional load-bearing capabilities. In contemporary times, Doan Mon, with its impressive and intricate architectural design, has become an ideal location for numerous tourists exploring the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long to capture memorable moments.
3.2. Northern gate (Cua Bac)
Chinh Bac Mon, also known as Cua Bac, stands on Phan Dinh Phung Street. It is the sole surviving entrance to the Hanoi Citadel under the Nguyen Dynasty, which was reconstructed in 1805 atop the Le Dynasty’s Northern Gate foundation.
Perched atop the gate is a watch tower gazebo where the imperial troops had a clear view of both the citadel’s surroundings and its interior, allowing them to monitor the enemy’s movements.
Today, partial restoration is ongoing to honor Hanoi Citadel’s history and figures like Nguyen Tri Phuong and Hoang Dieu, who heroically sacrificed during the defense of Thang Long Royal Citadel against the French.
3.3. Hanoi Flag Tower
Located on Dien Bien Phu Street, the Hanoi Flag Tower was constructed in 1812 under the rule of King Gia Long in the Nguyen Dynasty. This is one of the few architectural structures in Hanoi that was fortunate enough to escape destruction by the French colonial rule during the years 1894-1897.
On October 10th, 1954, the red flag with a yellow star, the National Flag, was hoisted atop the Hanoi Flag Tower for the first time. This event marked a historic moment of significance: the day Hanoi was entirely liberated. The tower itself was recognized as a historical monument in 1989.
3.4. Kinh Thien Palace
The Kinh Thien Palace, where King Le Thai To ascended to the throne in 1428, later served as the venue for significant court ceremonies, reception of foreign dignitaries, and vital national affair discussions.
Throughout its history, Kinh Thien Palace has consistently held a central role within the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. The foundation and threshold that still exist today are modest remnants of the palace architecture from the Le Dynasty, offering partial insights into the grandeur of the Kinh Thien Palace in the past.
3.5. Lady Pavilion
Hau Lau, formerly known as Tinh Bac Lau (meaning the palace that keeps the North at peace), spans about 2,392 square meters. It emerged after the Later Le dynasty and served as the living and daily activity quarters for queens and princesses.
The palace was constructed using bricks, and its roofs were designed in traditional Vietnamese architecture style, featuring multi-level roofs adorned with crescent-shaped blades.
The French often referred to Hau Lau as the “Pagoda des Dames” (pagoda of women). In the late 19th century, Hau Lau suffered severe damage. However, it was later restored and rebuilt by the French, retaining its current appearance.
3.6. D67 Revolutionary House
D67 Revolutionary House was constructed on the northern grounds of Kinh Thien Palace, also known as the General Headquarters. This was where vital and strategic plans were formulated, providing opportunities for the nation to undertake the resistance war against the United States.
D67 Revolutionary House is currently preserved and utilized to contribute effectively to the construction and development of Vietnam’s revolutionary heritage.
3.7. Archaeological sites
Within this region, archaeologists have uncovered diverse architectural structures and artifacts spanning a timeline of over 1300 years. These layers of relics accumulated quite continuously over time, beginning with the Dai La Dynasty (7th – 9th century) and ending with the Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945). This remarkable feature greatly contributes to the exceptional value and distinctiveness of these relics.
Don’t hesitate to pack your luggage, come and discover the amazing land. For more information please visit our family website:
- For Vietnam online visa Govietnamvisa.com
- For Vietnam local tours: Govietnamtourist.com